战火炼成的生命之星

救护车的前世与今生




海军军医大学附属长征医院骨肿瘤科 楼棪

2018年8月9日

提到战争，我们会想到……

![1死亡](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-1.JPG)
![2创伤](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-PTSD-history-feature_1320W_JR.png)
![3妻离子散](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-3%E5%A6%BB%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%95%A3.jpg)
![4家破人亡](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-4.jpg)
![5家破人亡](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-5.jpg)

在硝烟中诞生，从战火中走来。

![7诺贝尔Alfred Nobel](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-7%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94Alfred%20Nobel.jpg)
![8黄色炸药](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-8%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2%E7%82%B8%E8%8D%AF.jpg)

工程建设

![9黄色炸药](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-9%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2%E7%82%B8%E8%8D%AF.jpeg)

微波炉

![6微波炉](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-6%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E7%82%89.jpeg)
![10茶宝](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-10%E8%8C%B6%E5%8C%85.jpg)
![11拉链](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-06-11%E6%8B%89%E9%93%BE.jpg)

在那烽火连天的岁月里，医疗理念和技术也随之突飞猛进。

11世纪：十字军的圣约翰骑士团

![the Knights of St John](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-the%20Knights%20of%20St%20John.jpg)

骑士团由罗马教皇组织：中世纪十字军东征期间

1. 圣约翰骑士团：成员为勃艮第和北意大利骑士 2. 圣殿骑士团：成员为法国骑士 3. 条顿骑士团：成员为德意志贵族

圣约翰骑士团

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-knights-of-st-john-blog.jpg)

圣约翰骑士团的军事使命已经完结

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-knights-of-the-order-blog-2.jpg)

圣约翰骑士团目前是联合国的永久观察员

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-knight-116591_1920.jpg)

总部设在罗马，享有外交权力

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-knightsofmalta900.jpg)

手推车和担架：粗暴

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-An_epileptic_or_sick_person_having_a_fit_on_a_stretcher-_two_Wellcome_V0016630.jpg)

闭合性骨折→开放性骨折

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-open-fractures.gif)

1792年 法国军医：多米尼克·拉瑞男爵

![2-1-Dominique Larrey](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-1-Dominique%20Larrey.jpg)
![2-2](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-2.jpg)

救护车volante

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-ambulance%20volante.jpg)
![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-ambulance%20volante3.jpg)

Percy男爵：wurst wagon

![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-wurst%20wagon.jpg)

美国独立战争时期

![2-5](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-5.jpg)

哈蒙德(Hammond)：现代救护车之父

![2-6](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-6William%20A.%20Hammond.jpg)

1861年~1865年：历史上第一辆专用救护车

![2-7](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-7Hammond%20ambulance.jpg)

1869年 纽约贝尔维尤医院 救护车和电报

![2-8](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-8Bellevue_Hospital_Ambulance-_New_York_Times-_1895.JPG)

1899年 Michael Reese医院：电动救护车

![2-9](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-9.jpg)
![2-92](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-92.jpg)

两次世界大战：马拉式救护车逐渐退出历史舞台

![2-10](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-10.jpeg)
![2-11](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-11.jpg)
![2-12](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-12.jpg)
![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-122.jpg)
![2-13](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-13.jpg)
![2-132](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-132.jpg)
![2-14](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-14.jpg)
![2-15](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-15.jpg)
![2-16](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-16.jpg)

空中救护车的起步

![2-17](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-17.jpg)
![2-19](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-19.jpg)
![2-18](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-18.jpg)

朝鲜战争期间：大规模空运伤员

![2-20](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-20.jpg)
![2-21](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-21.jpg)
![2-22](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-22.jpg)

1952年英国火车相撞事故：改进

![2-23](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-23.png)

救护车从单纯运送病人转变为流动医院

![2-24](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-24.jpg)
![2-25](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-25.jpg)

当代军队的卫勤保障

![2-26](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-26.jpg)
![2-27](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-27.jpg)
![2-28](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-28.jpg)
![2-29](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-29.jpg)
![2-30](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-30.jpg)
![2-31](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-31.jpg)
![2-33](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-33.jpg)
![2-32](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-32.jpg)
![2-34](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-34.jpg)
![2-35](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-07-2-35.jpg)
![](http://qiniup.louyanspine.com/2018-08-08-041717_trainingsurgery_THUMB_LARGE.jpg)