说明: 1. 翻译自van Wulfften Palthe OD, Houdek MT, Rose PS,et
al.How Does the Level of Nerve Root Resection in En Bloc Sacrectomy
Influence Patient-Reported Outcomes?.Clin Orthop Relat
Res,2017,475(3):607-616.
说明: 1. 翻译自Li D, Guo W, Tang X, et al.Surgical
classification of different types of en bloc resection for primary
malignant sacral tumors.Eur Spine J,2011,20(12):2275-81.
一、材料与方法
(一)原发恶性骶骨肿瘤不同类型整块切除的外科分类
通过S1-S2和S2-S3连接将骶骨分成:
(1)上骶骨
(2)中骶骨
(3)下骶骨
基于肿瘤的侵袭范围,将原发骶骨肿瘤的整块切除分为五种类型,如Fig.
1所示。
Type Ⅰ涉及区域1,或区域1和2,或区域1,2和3
type Ⅱ涉及区域2和3
Type Ⅲ仅涉及区域3
Type Ⅳ主要是矢状半骶骨切除术(sagittal
hemisacrectomy)。通常,相邻髂骨的一部分必须与肿瘤一起切除
为了牢固地锁定棒rods和杆bars之间的最终位置,在rods的顶端拧上三个固定螺钉three
set screws的三角形锁定板triangular locking plates。
> FIGS.1B 在放置锁定板之前显示球窝关节的特写镜头。The rod with the
balls attached is introduced through the larger portion of the holes and
secured into the smaller socket portion by means of set screws.
FIGS.2A AND 2B. (A) The direction of the Schanz screws is 10-20°
convergent toward the sagittal plane (see text). (B)
进钉点位于椎弓根的中轴上,即上关节突外侧缘与横突基底部中线的交点。
说明: 1. 翻译自Lehman RA Jr, Polly DW Jr, Kuklo TR, et
al.Straight-forward versus anatomic trajectory technique of thoracic
pedicle screw fixation: a biomechanical analysis.Spine (Phila Pa
1976),2003,28(18):2058-65.
一、前言
胸椎内固定融合治疗脊柱畸形、骨折或肿瘤重建的目的是realign the
vertebrae,同时获得arthrodesis。
> Figure 1. A, Dorsal starting points for anatomic (white) and
straight-forward (green) trajectories. B, Sagittal image of anatomic
(white) and straight-forward (green) trajectories. C, Lateral radiograph
of the model showing the full extent of both trajectories.
> Figure 2. A, Lateral fluoroscopic view showing placement of
Kirschner wires using both the straight-forward (SF) and anatomic (AN)
trajectories. B, Lateral schematic of straight-forward (SF) and anatomic
(AN) trajectories.
> Figure 3. Lateral fluoroscopic image of thoracic pedicle screw
placement utilizing the straight-forward and anatomic trajectory
techniques.
说明: 1. 翻译自Miller RM, Ebraheim NA, Xu R, et al.Anatomic
consideration of transpedicular screw placement in the cervical spine.
An analysis of two approaches.Spine (Phila Pa
1976),1996,21(20):2317-22.
一、前言
有很多方法来固定颈椎损伤,包括anterior plating,posterior wirings or
Harrington/Luque rods with wires,posterior lateral mass
plating和椎弓根螺钉。
经椎弓根螺钉置入分为两组: 徒手置钉blindly placed
部分椎板切除术和攻丝combined partial laminectomy and tapping
technique
在第一组四具尸体中,使用Jeanneret et
al.描述的技术,通过四个颈椎的侧块徒手置入38个椎弓根螺钉。
侧块上的螺钉进钉点在上关节突下方约3mm处。
在横断面上,螺钉沿后外侧至前内侧大约30-45°。在矢状面上,角度朝着椎体的上三分之一。The
screw was positioned 30-45°posterolateral to anteromedial in the
transverse plane and angled toward the superior third of the vertebral
body in the sagittal plane.